The Canyoneering Primer

The Canyoneering Primer

Canyoneering is a unique sport that can take you to some truly amazing places. It is also a sport with its own set of challenges. As an outdoor enthusiast, it's important to be competent in the skills needed before heading out.

Basics & Safety

Fragile Environment Cryptobiotic soil is a brown crust seen in the desert. It is extremely fragile. DO NOT WALK ON IT. Stick to washes and slickrock.
Flash Flood Risk Weather is your worst enemy. Know the forecast. If rain is predicted, do not enter a canyon. Floods are fast and fatal.
Anchor Evaluation Know how to evaluate existing anchors and create new ones. Canyons change; a flash flood can easily wash an anchor away.
Thermal Protection Even in 100°F heat, canyon water can induce hypothermia. Take a wetsuit if the description recommends it.
The "No Jump" Rule Never jump into pools. They look deep but often have jagged rocks just below the surface. Depth-check everything first.
Navigation Many areas lack official trails. Be competent with a map and compass; don't rely solely on GPS.

Recommended Gear

Rope: 9mm Static

Although heavier than 8mm, it lasts longer and is significantly easier to control while rappelling.

Wetsuit: Full (Never Shorties)

Full suits offer better protection. Go with 5mm for Zion's cold canyons; 3mm is great for the Swell or North Wash. Buy cheap—they will get shredded!

Harness & Device

The BD Alpine Bod is a lightweight, classic choice. For devices, the BD ATC XP is a common choice if coming from a climbing background. The Rock Exotica Totem is a very versatile choice, but can be confusing for beginners. The Imlay Critr3 has become one of my favorites over the years for its simplicity and ability to adjust friction easily.

Backpacks: Cheap & Durable

Canyons eat packs. Find a 3000ci pack at a thrift store. If doing wet canyons, install metal grommets in the bottom for drainage.

Standard Technical Kit

What I keep in my pack for every technical canyon:

  • Primary Rope
  • 50-100' Webbing
  • 4+ Rap Rings
  • Harness & Device
  • Ascenders (Tiblocs)
  • 5-6 Locking Biners
  • Daisy Chain / Safety
  • Knife
  • Helmet
  • 10 Essentials Kit
  • Wetsuit (if needed)
Canyoneering Gear Ready

Protip: Keep hardware in a "Potshot" to protect your drybags.

Get Professional Training

Reading a guide isn't enough. Seek training from reputable sources:

American Canyoneering Association | Zion Adventure Company